Gender And Gender Identity Disorder - 1287 Words

Gender Dysphoria, formerly known as Gender Identity Disorder, is described by the DSM-IV as a persistent and strong cross-gender identification and a persistent unease with ones sex. However, gender identity is not diagnosed as such if it is comorbid with a physical intersex condition. Gender dysphoria is not to be confused with sexual orientation, as people with gender dysphoria could be attracted to men, women, or both. According to an article written by, Australasian Sciences there are four very specific pieces of criteria that an individual needs to fulfilled in order to be considered afflicted with gender dysphoria. There must be strong and persistent evidence cross gender identification. However, this cross gender identification can not be determinant by any perceived cultural advantages of being the opposite gender. The sole purpose of opposite gender identification must be an uneasiness or uncomfortableness in one’s birth gender. A viable diagnosis can not be made if gender dysphoria is comorbid with physical intersex condition. Lastly, there must be evidence of significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning. Early research in regards to gender dysphoria, is primarily rooted in psychological causality. Some of these main causes were thought to be solely dysfunctional family dynamics or a traumatic childhood. However, as research continued there was little evidence found to uphold this theory. According to Cindy Meston, Ph.D. PennyShow MoreRelatedGender Identity Disorder Essays1031 Words   |  5 PagesLiving a life feeling out of place, with the wrong feelings, and in the wrong body, for a person with Gender Identity Disorder, this is how they feel day to day. According to the DSM-IV-TR, Gender Identity Disorder is characterized by a strong, persistent cross-gender identification, persistent discomfort with his or her sex or sense of inappropriateness in their gender role of that sex. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), children, adolescents and adults who exhibit a preoccupationRead MoreGender And Gender Identity Disorder2178 Words   |  9 Pageswe re born, our gender identity is no secret. We re either a boy or a girl. Gender organizes our world into pink or blue. As we grow up, most of us naturally fit into our gender roles. Girls wear dresses and play with dolls. For boys, it s pants and trucks.† (Goldburg, A.2007) However, for some, this is not the case. Imagine for a moment that you are a two year old boy drawn to the color pink, make up, and skirts. If this is the case than most likely, you are experiencing Gender Dysphoria, otherwiseRead MoreGender Identity Disorder954 Words   |  4 PagesGender Identity Disorder/Gender Dysphoria Gender identity disorder (GID) or transsexualism is defined by strong, persistent feelings of identification with the opposite gender and discomfort with one’s own assigned sex. (â€Å"Psychology Today†) Due to a recent change to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, â€Å"Gender Identity Disorder† will be replaced with â€Å"Gender Dysphoria†. For the purpose of this paper those two terms will be interchangeable. This paper will exploreRead MoreGender Identity Disorder2712 Words   |  11 PagesGender Identity Disorder What is gender identity disorder? Gender identity disorder (GID) is the formal diagnosis used by psychologists and physicians to describe persons who experience significant gender dysphoria (discontent with the biological sex they were born with). It is a psychiatric classification and describes the attributes related to transsexuality. Gender identity disorder in children is usually reported as having always been there since childhood, and is considered clinicallyRead More Gender Identity Disorder Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesGender, Sex, Sexuality: Separate and NOT equal. First and foremost, a few key terms to keep in mind while reading this paper. Sex†: refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women.[1] â€Å"Gender†: refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.[2] â€Å"Gender identityâ€Å": an individuals self-conception as being male or female, as distinguished from actual biologicalRead MoreGender Identity Disorder ( Gid )1209 Words   |  5 Pagestheir biological sex and gender identity, which is known as gender dysphoria. Gender dysphoria is formally known as gender identity disorder (GID), gender incongruence or transgenderism. According to Mohammaed Meomon, gender dysphoria is a product of highly complex genetic, neurodevelopmental, and psychological factors (Meomon, 2016). A person’s biological sex is given at birth depending on the appearance of the genitals. What a person identifies with is called gender identity. For example, a womanRead MoreGender Identity Disorder Is A Mental Disorder983 Words   |  4 Pagesdepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, state that â€Å"gender identity disorder is a mental disorder in which gender identity is incongruent with anatomical sexâ⠂¬ . Individuals experience different degrees of unhappiness with their sex at birth, which in turn causes them to pursue the life and body of the opposite sex (2010). Does this mean that Matt (ie) has a mental disorder? Would this explain why when Matt (ie) went to a Shaman and the Shaman gave Matt (ie) allRead MoreGender Identity Disorder (Gid)1051 Words   |  5 Pages(e-mail me and let me know if you use this and how it does) Gender Identity Disorder (GID) As early as the age of four (Vitale, 1996), some children begin to realize that the gender their body tells them they are, and the gender their mind tells them they are dont correspond. The sense of gender and the anatomical sex of a person mature at different times and different regions of the body (Vitale, 1997b). Sometimes the gendermap, the template within the mind of a person that codes for masculinityRead MoreGender Identity Disorder ( Gid ) Essay2178 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Sex and gender have been highly controversial constructs amongst many researchers for a long time, due to differing interpretations and definitions for both. Sex is described as the biological indicators of an individual being male or female, based on their sex chromosomes and non-ambiguous internal and external genitalia. Gender, on the other hand, is a social construct that is shaped by the way someone develops their idea of male or female within society. The term gender was introduced whenRead MoreGender Identity Disorders ( Gids )1403 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual who was living as a woman while waiting to qualify for gender re-assignment surgery (GReS), shows the pain that those who struggle with gender identity disorders (GIDS) undergoi while â€Å"trapped† in the physical and social constraints of living as their original gender, as well as the relief that comes with living as a member of their â€Å"true† gender. Some may argue that use of surgery for purpose s of treating gender identity disorders is morally unacceptable since trans sexuality does not belong

Socioeconomic Status Free Essays

string(147) " job for equal work that the performance requires equal skill, effort and responsibility and which are performed under similar working conditions\." Research Paper Do to the circumstances of a person’s birth, their socioeconomic status of the family that they are born into can make them a victim of unfair treatment in life. Gender inequality is an innate characteristic of women. Women are the largest minority in America and they are of the female gender. We will write a custom essay sample on Socioeconomic Status or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gender is the meaning of being a male or female in a society. Gender role refers to the attitude and behavior that is used when referring to male or females. Female gender has always been considered inferior to men. The attitude has always been that males were superior to females in their abilities, because they have strength, they are smarter and they have the ability to provide a better life. It is the belief that women take care of the home and children and the men go to work and earn the money. According to Sigmund Freud, he summed up in his famous idea the â€Å"anatomy is destiny†, which stated that females felt short changed because they do not have a penis. He concluded, that woman need to fulfill this envy by giving birth to a child. (pg. 190) Perpetuating gender inequality through values refers to jobs are automatically assumed to be gender specific. Fireman and Policeman are men only. Engineers, architects, project managers, doctors, etc. , are thought of as male orientated. However, women do very well in these areas. The value placed that men can do a better job is also considered a social attitude. The ideologies that have been set by society, even though it has been shown that male and female have equal capacity for learning and doing math and science, males have advanced in the workforce. After WW11, women stayed home and raised families. Men went to work and provided for the family. That has changed and since 2004 women make up 60. 5% of the workforce. However, they do not make the same money as men. pg 191) Race is a group of people distinguished from other groups by their origin in a particular part of the world. People are identified by the color of their skin, and the inequalities people experience follow directly from that identification. From this identification we have a social situation called racism. Racism is the belief that racial groups are inherently inferior to others. This situation has become a common experience for some and it justifies discrimination and inequality. Lauter (pg. 23) The race, ethnicity and quality of life for many people is a serious situation that needs to be addressed by society. We as a civilized society need to address the problems that so many people face. One of the very serious problems is wage disparity across gender, race and ethnicity. A study examines intergroup inequality and considering various channels through which gender, growth, and development interact it upholds the salience not only of equality in opportunities but also equality in outcomes. The matter of gender, race and ethnicity should not be a factor when people are trained and educated to do a job. Rodgers Seguino) A comprehensive profile of the ‘working poor’ is presented using data from the 2003 Population Survey. The explanatory variables are the worker’s occupation and the firm’s characteristics. The cost constraints comprising, on the one hand, the worker’s family characteristics (notably family income), and, on the other, the costs to the worker of signals used by firms in making employment decisions. These include not only the cost of education but also what we call ‘discriminatory signals’, e. g. gender, race, ethnicity and citizenship status. Gleicher Stevans) The ideology that equal opportunity provides equal pay is false. There has been a glass ceiling for women, they do the same work as men but their pay and advancement is less. They experience discrimination with less training, promotions and hiring. (Lauter Lauter) (pg 192) Each society has ideologies that justify stratification. It is up to our society and educators to teach people that each gender is capable of doing the same jobs if they are physically and mentally able plus have that desire. Due to this attitude women have not been advanced in the work place. They have been kept from monetary advancement and promotion. When businessmen speak eloquently about the â€Å"social responsibilities of business in a free-enterprise system†, they believe that they are defending free enterprise when they declaim that business is not concerned â€Å"merely† with profit but also with promoting desirable â€Å"social† ends; that business has a â€Å"social conscience† and takes seriously its responsibilities for providing employment, eliminating discrimination, avoiding pollution and whatever else may be the catchwords of the contemporary crop of reformers. In fact they are preaching pure and unadulterated socialism concepts. Businessmen who talk this way are sometimes considered puppets of the intellectual forces that have been undermining the basis of a free society these past decades. (Friedman) The examination of the cultural and linguistic production of gender and of gender relations in society has had a serious impact on the study of labor history over the past twenty years. Work on the role of gender has linked culture and ideas to politics and policies and has shown how ideas about masculinity and femininity shaped notions of the wage, skills, and work, as well as labor and employer practices, union strategies, and labor struggles. The working class has not disappeared, but its contours and composition have changed dramatically. It is no longer overwhelmingly white, male, and heterosexual; it is female, black, and brown: its members’ sexuality is not always already defined. It is by incorporating into our work the intersections of these differences that we can create more powerful analytical tools for understanding the past and perhaps also the present. (Frader) In 1963, President John F. Kennedy, signed â€Å"The Equal Pay Act†. This bill was aimed at abolishing the wage disparity based on gender. This law was written to stop sex discrimination, paying employees of the opposite sex more money for doing equally the same job for equal work that the performance requires equal skill, effort and responsibility and which are performed under similar working conditions. You read "Socioeconomic Status" in category "Papers" This bill was to give equal opportunity in the workplace. When signing this bill, John F. Kennedy said, â€Å"Adds to our laws another structure basic to democracy† and â€Å"affirms our determination that when women enter the labor force they will find equality in their pay envelope. â€Å" Through the years America displayed a terrible attitude towards people of all races, foreign cultures and nationalities. I have seen many actions in the work place that I can look back on and realize there was discrimination. I am happy to say that I have seen change. In my last three jobs, I witnessed the equal and civil treatment of my fellow employees. At the Unitarian church everyone was treated very fairly, not just the consideration of their race and gender, but also for their religious beliefs. The Unitarian Church has a very interesting concept. Most people that are Unitarians are not born to the religion, they are people that convert from other formal religions. Because of this situation, people need to express their beliefs and the Unitarian Church allows its members to share and experience each event. Every holiday was celebrated with pride and true enjoyment. They extended their programs to have social events detailing each ethnic and religious background. We celebrated Christmas, Hahnack and Kwanza. We were given information explaining each religion, how it originated, the beliefs and the ceremony. We also were given samples of the different foods served for these religious holidays. It gave us a feeling of unity and understanding which broaden our knowledge, social graces and respect for others. The most important part of this work environment was everyone was treated equally. The positions held, from office managers, secretaries, ministers, maintenance and grounds were held both by men and women. You were not judged based on gender or race, if you met the job qualifications you were interviewed and if you had the qualifications you were hired. I left the Unitarian Church with a heavy heart. I knew I would never meet such a wonderful, caring group of workers and volunteers in any future workplace. This was a unique experience which taught me more than my work requirements, it taught me about people. When I moved to Colorado, I worked for Level (3). This was a true corporate atmosphere, everything was done through emails and written communications. We were divided into teams with a team captain and every employee was treated with respect and graded on their true ability. Here too, people were hired on their qualifications. Gender and race were not part of the hiring program. There were male and female engineers, project managers, technical support and even cable layers. My position ended when the Dot. com crash caused a huge layoff. My last position was in a small office, my employer was very respectful of each of us and we were all treated with respect and gratitude. The atmosphere was very different in that when there are only a few people, you become more involved on a personal level. I found the small office to be an okay experience, however, I think I would enjoy the atmosphere where there are more employees. The smaller office does not offer the opportunity for advancement and each person has their job and you become stagnant. The job market has changed in many areas in the past 15 years. I see more women and more diversity in the ethnic background of the employees being hired. There will always be room for improvement and change. A major change has been that more women have college degrees and they have excelled in showing stamina and strength. The term â€Å"glass ceiling† refers to the imaginary career barrier that impede’s a women’s ability to rise to the top rank of her profession. Today there really isn’t a â€Å"glass ceiling† because women are well represented in all professions. They are doctors, lawyers, judges, TV anchor women, journalist and women appointed to political positions. It is evident that anyone can attain the position of their choosing. It takes education, perseverance and determination. I am sure that there is still a negative attitude by some towards women and different ethnic groups. I think it will take a long time to see a complete change, and probably there will never be a complete change. We have many people that are raised and indoctrinated, whether it is from their nationality, up- bringing or religious beliefs that women only belong in the home. Some parts of the world, like the middle east, there is a cultural and religious belief that dictates the life of women. These changes for these women might take a 100 years to change. Living here in the U. S we have a broader view of how everyone should be treated. Because some people will never change, as women we have to keep moving in the right direction, looking for the right opportunity and seize the moment. My own life is a testament to the belief that a women belongs in the home raising the children and keeping the house. After a marriage of 30 years and divorce, I found myself in a very difficult position. Financially I was not prepared to take care of myself and I was frightened beyond comprehension. I also had my mother living with me, she had Hydrocephalus (fluid on the brain). I realized that I had to take charge of my life and at 50, I made some serious decisions. Eventually I found a job with Level (3) and went back to school for my degree. With all my determination and perseverance I showed I was capable of taking responsibility and I was advanced within six months of hire. I believe there is opportunity and in today’s job world, women and people of different ethnic background can advance in life. How to cite Socioeconomic Status, Papers

Nursing Management for Kelly Post Surgery

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Management for Kelly Post Surgery. Answer: Introduction This essay is based on a case study of Kelly Malone who is 49 years old female patient suffering from breathing problem because of nasal blockage during her sleep. Septoplasty also called nasal septum repair refers to a medical operation which corrects defect of the nasal septum, the part which separates the two cavities in the nose (Gillman, Egloff Rivera?Serrano, 2014). There are cases in which nasal cavities get partially blocked as result of a deformity of the nasal septum. Nasal septum can collapse on either side of the nostril hence making the process of breathing difficult. Ethmoidectomy is the surgical procedure in which ethmoid sinus cells are dissected to treat infection and sinus obstruction which makes a patient suffers from chronic sinus complications. Ethmoidectomy targets to open of airways. Before performing ethmoidectomy, a patient needs to meet certain conditions. For instance, the diagnosis must reveal obstruction of airways, septal spur headache as well as freque nt nose bleeding, and septal deformity (Obeid, et at., 2014). Background Conditions Kelly Malone, who is the patient, has been diagnosed with the problem of not breathing well when she is sleeping. Post- operative conditions of Kelly do not show large deviation. Her respiratory rate remains at 18 beats per minute. But her body temperature, blood pressure, heart beat rates, and oxygen saturation drops slightly compared to the values observed before the operation. The primary goal of performing Saploptasty and ethmoidectomy is to align nasal septum to avoid blocking air during the process of inhalation. Usually after a surgical operation; a nasal bolster is inserted above the nose to support septum recovery by exerting pressure on the skin. It prevents fluid accumulation in the region grafted hence facilitates healing in the skin underneath. Nursing Process Nursing process entails step by step procedures which nurses follow so as to improve provision of quality health care to different patients with varying needs. The processes are majorly divided into five stages which include assessment, diagnosis, planning, evaluations, and implementation. The discussion hereafter therefore provides management of septoplasty and right ethmoidectomy by employing the five nursing processes. Assessment Kelly preliminary report after surgery shows that her heart rate, oxygen saturation in the blood, body temperature, and blood pressure are not exposing her to any major risk. The two medical surgeries, septoplasty, and ethmoidectomy enhance patients chances of breathing regularly hence enough oxygen saturation in the blood. The patient does not indicate a big deviation in her post-operative conditions. Nonetheless her body temperature, oxygen saturation, heartbeat, and blood pressure slightly dropped, her respiratory rate is still 18 beats per minute. Nursing Diagnosis Excessive bleeding is one of the major complications which Kelly may face. Ethmoidectomy operation requires that a surgeon makes some incision in the delicate tissues (Younes Elzayat, 2016). So, Kelly will experience counts of nose bleeding which is normal. Damages to tissues around in the nostrils are more likely to cause a free flow of blood to the open nasal cavities. However, after a few days, nose bleeding may reduce significantly. The procedures involved in septoplasty or nasal septum repair results into destroying blood vessels in the nasal cavity. Though blood vessels will finally reconnect back, before then, some level of bleeding will occur. It is, therefore, critical for a nurse taking care of Kelly to monitor blood oozing from the skin beneath and the surgical region inside the nasal cavity (Morgan, Stanik-Hutt, 2015). Consequently, the use of splints to hold tissues in the nostril will reduce the intensity of nose bleeding. In some more pressure exerted to the nose can lead to nose bleeding, especially after post -operation (Obeid, et at., 2014). Patients, therefore, need to avoid activities which create pressure on the delicate areas operated. For examples, during release bowel, muscles strain around the face. Planning Planning to manage Kellys post-operative situation focuses on reducing wound infection as well as inflammation of nasal cavity, minimizing further relapse nasal blockage, and preventing nose bleeding. It is important to note that postoperative care will depend on to an extent the approach used (Kadam Danesh, 2016). Kelly will receive constant antibiotic therapy and pain medication. Ethmoidectomy can adversely result to damage of right medial rectus muscles and iatrogenic orbital hemorrhage. Destruction of rectus muscles can severely affect a patient. For instance, it leads to a limitation to ocular motility, diplopia, and eyelid bruising; nevertheless, physical injury to rectus muscle does not affect patients visual functioning (Schneider, et al., 2015). Patients who show severe cases of iatrogenic orbital hemorrhage can re-undergo surgery to stop bleeding. Post-operative research conducted on patients who had received ethmoidectomy treatment reveals, some level, interference with o ptic nerves as well as blood vessels linked to the dura matter in the brain (Zhu, et al., 2014). Therefore, in some rare cases, a patient suffers blindness or even death, when the level of damage to nerves is extreme. The second post-surgery care concerns infections. Kelly in the process of healing can experience swelling on her wound. It is therefore significant to have appropriate plan to manage swelling on Kellys wound. The swelling occurs because of the damaged to blood vessels during the surgical procedures (Suzuki et al., 2016). Again, discharge iatrogenic orbital discharge, and other fluids from mucous membrane in the septum may accumulate hence enhancing chances of bacterial infections. It is, therefore, significant to monitor her 24 hours after the medical operation, to check the possibility of any form of hemorrhage (Kilicaslan, Acar, Tekin, Ozdamar, 2016). Bleeding from ethmoid vessels and nasal blood vessels can expose the patient to micro-bacterial infections. Disinfecting nasal bolster is critical in the management of Kellys septum wound. Moreover, she is more prone to sinus infection because of trapping of air and mucus to the mucous membrane (Nguyen, et al., 2016). High level of h ygiene by cleaning of the nose using 3% of hydrogen peroxide can reduce the possibility of infections on Kellys wound. The other major issue which will require nursing concern is relapsed nasal obstruction. For the first few days after surgery, Kellys respiratory system may not function normally. However, after sometimes, when the healing will have occurred successfully, her breathing system can eventually assume normal breathing operations. Inflammatory in the nostrils after surgical treatment can contribute to blocking of the nose which limits continuous flow of air through the nasal cavity (Parahoo, 2014). Whereas the primary objective of conducting septoplasty and ethmoidectomy is to release congestions for air particles to move freely along respiratory, there are incidences when relapse occurs. Massive hemorrhage and swelling of the blood vessels in the nose is one of the causes of chronic blockage, especially after surgery. Moreover, the accumulation of mucus from mucous membrane wall can further complicate the situation. A patient should adversely ensure that nasal cavity remains moist after t reatment. Implementation Kellys post-operative medical conditions reflect that she is completely out of any danger. Her body temperature of 36.2 o C is slightly below the normal body temperature of a healthy individual. Since she is under medications, her post-operative drugs consist of pain relievers, antibacterial doses, inflammatory treatment, and fluid resuscitation in the body. The use of Compound Sodium Lactate is to restore the level of fluid loss as a result of surgery and bleeding (Morgan, Stanik-Hutt,2015).While Celecoxib 200mg PO BD reduces the degree of swelling in the nasal cavity which can cause Kelly more pain. Kellys post-operative care aims at reducing the level of the pain which most patient face after surgery. Similarly, she must have lost some body fluids hence intravenous injection restores the amount of electrolyte in her blood (Dougherty Lister, 2015). The patients blood pressure after post-operation is not alarming, however, her respiratory rate call for closer monitoring. Evaluation Prevention of wound infection, recurrent nasal blockage, and bleeding are some of the concern that a nurse managing Kellys post-operative will address. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the success of various mechanisms used to assist Kelly recovers completely. The nurse requires removing nasal bolster 48 to 72 hours after the operation. Again topical nasal decongestants are used for the first three days and then stopped. Nasal decongestant helps patient to breathe regularly since it prevents nasal blockage (Potter, Perry, Stockert Hall, 2016). Subsequent use of ice cube on the outside parts of the nose will also help Kelly to reduce pain. Similarly, the use of two pillows to support her head region so as to prevent septum from leaning on either side of the nostril is advisable to facilitate smooth recovery Potential Nursing Problems Potential Nursing problems concerning Kelly condition involve preventing wound infection, secondly helping her maintain appropriate oxygen saturation in the blood, and finally managing her respiratory rate. Ethmoid discharge can facilitate infection within the surgical part. Likewise; the use of nasal bolster to an extent may obstruct nasal discharge. Nasal bolster exerts some excessive pressure on the septum hence leading to accumulation of fluids beneath (Moorhead, Johnson, Maas, Swanson, 2014).Consequently, as the Kelly recovers from post-operation, the air cell in the sinus may temporarily get blocked. The outcome which most patient can feel is the low amount of oxygen saturation hence feeling of dizziness and occasionally fainting when the situation I severe. Again, the because of limited space for passage of air in the nostrils, Kelly rate of breathing will increase alarmingly (Nguyen, 2015). The nurse in charge of her must continuously assist her to inhale desirably well. Post-Operative Education Post-operative education for Kelly quick recovery addresses how she will manage her wound to avoid further nasal blockage and bleeding. The surgery is a day care procedure since patients get admitted and discharged few hours after the Surgery to go home (Gillman, Egloff Rivera?Serrano,2014). The ENT patients, therefore, play a critical role in the process to recover. Kelly needs to remain in the hospital for 8 to 10 hours as the effect of anesthesia fades. She requires not blowing her nose for the period of seven days after the operation (Kilicaslan, 2016). Additionally, Kelly must avoid holding her breath tightly during the bowel movement because the can strain nasal muscles hence nose bleeding. Similarly driving a car or swimming within the first one week after treatment may impair Kelly process of recovery. She must not participate in strenuous activities. Finally, Kelly will have to visit hospital one week after the operation to remove clots through suction to get better relief. Potential Complication Involvement of Different Personnel Septoplasty and ethmoidectomy surgery may lead to loss of sensitivity to smell, feeling of numbness as well as a sinus headache. Whichever the case, management of complications relies on the interdisciplinary team. Treatment involving septoplasty and ethmoidectomy requires a multidisciplinary approach. Various health personnel perform different roles. For instance, anesthetist will prepare the patient before the operation begins (Gillman, Egloff Rivera?Serrano, 2014). Again the anesthetist will also monitor the patient during the post-operative period. Anesthetist discusses with the patient the side effects of anesthesia and how the client can overcome (Kadam Danesh, 2016). Similarly, ENT surgeon plays a critical role to ensure that the patient surgical procedure is complete. Additionally, a nurse who provides post-operative care to recovering patient has also a vital role as part of the medical team towards recovery process. Conclusions Chronic sinus complication and collapse septum can impair a person respiratory system. Patients who experience uncontrolled nose bleeding and persistent nasal obstruction are likely to undergo septoplasty and ethmoidectomy. The two medical procedures open nasal airway to enable a patient breaths efficiently (Schneider, et al., 2015). However, post-operative care is very critical to avoid the relapse of nasal obstruction or massive nasal hemorrhage. Similarly, as part of nursing procedures, it is significant to evaluate patient pre-operative and post-operative medical conditions (Jimnez-Chobillon, et al., 2016). The two conditions enable health service providers to understand the progress which a client is making. Nonetheless, patients require postoperative education to help them successfully manage the process of efficient recovery. References Anderson, D. J., et al., (2014). Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update.Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology,35(06), 605-627. Dougherty, L., Lister, S. (2015).The Royal Marsden manual of clinical nursing procedures. New York (NY): John Wiley Sons. Gillman, G. S., Egloff, A. M., Rivera?Serrano, C. M. (2014). Revision septoplasty: A prospective disease?specific outcome study.The Laryngoscope,124(6), 1290-1295. Jimnez-Chobillon, M. A., et al., (2016). Refinement of the nasalisation technique for nasal polyposis.European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases,133(4), 237-241. Kadam, V. R., Danesh, M. (2016). Post operative capnostream monitoring in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea symptomsCase series.Sleep Science. Kilicaslan, A., Acar, G. O., Tekin, M., Ozdamar, O. I. (2016). Assessment the long-term effects of septoplasty surgery on olfactory function.Acta oto-laryngologica,136(10), 1079-1084. Obeid, A. A., et al., (2014). Development and testing for an operative competency assessment tool for nasal septoplasty surgery.American journal of rhinology allergy,28(4), e163- e167. Moorhead, S., Johnson, M., Maas, M. L., Swanson, E. (2014).Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC): measurement of health outcomes. Missouri: Elsevier Health Sciences. Morgan, B., Stanik-Hutt, J. (2015). Utilization of a Preemptive, Multimodal Analgesic Regimen in Adult Ambulatory Septoplasty Patients: A Quality Improvement Project.ORL-head and neck nursing: official journal of the Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Nurses,33(4), 6-13. Nguyen, D. T., et al., (2015). Facial pain/headache before and after surgery in patients with nasal polyposis.Acta oto-laryngologica,135(10), 1045-1050. Parahoo, K. (2014).Nursing research: principles, process and issues.London: Palgrave Macmillan. Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P., Hall, A. (2016).Fundamentals of nursing. Missouri: Elsevier Health Sciences. Schneider, J. S., et al., (2015). Early practice: external sinus surgery and procedures and complications.Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America,48(5), 839-850. Suzuki, S., Yasunaga, H., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., Kondo, K., Yamasoba, T. (2015). Complication rates after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: Analysis of 50,734 Japanese patients.The Laryngoscope,125(8), 1785-1791. Younes, A., Elzayat, S. (2016). The role of septoplasty in the management of nasal septum fracture: a randomized quality of life study.International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,45(11), 1430-1434. Zhu, J. H., et al., (2014). Effects of anterior ethmoidectomy with and without antrotomy and uncinectomy on nasal and maxillary sinus airflows: A CFD study.Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering,34(2), 144-149.